Elements

Z	S	G	P	u	g cm³	lb ft³	Melt (K)	Boil (K)	mg  kg	Element	Origin of name
1	H	1	1	1.008	0.000	.0056	14	20	1,400	Hydrogen	Greek: hydro- and -gen (water-forming)
2	He	18	1	4.003	0.000	.0111	0	4	0.008	Helium	Mythology: Helios, Greek god and personification of the Sun
3	Li	1	2	6.939	0.534	33.34	454	1560	20	Lithium	Greek: lithos (stone)
4	Be	2	2	9.012	1.85	115.5	1560	2742	2.8	Beryllium	After beryllus (mineral beryllium aluminium cyclosilicate)
5	B	13	2	10.81	2.34	146.1	2349	4200	10	Boron	After borax (mineral sodium borate)
6	C	14	2	12.011	2.267	141.5	3800	4300	200	Carbon	Latin: carbo (coal)
7	N	15	2	14.007	0.001	.0781	63	77	19	Nitrogen	Greek: nitron and -gen (niter-forming)
8	O	16	2	15.999	0.001	.0892	54	90	461,000	Oxygen	Greek: oxy- and -gen (acid-forming)
9	F	17	2	18.998	0.002	.1059	54	85	585	Fluorine	Latin: fluere (to flow)
10	Ne	18	2	20.18	0.001	.0562	25	27	0.005	Neon	Greek: neos (new)
—	H₂O	–	–	18.015	1	62.43	273	373	50×10⁶	Water	—
11	Na	1	3	22.99	0.971	60.62	371	1156	23,600	Sodium	Latin: natrium (soda)
12	Mg	2	3	24.305	1.738	108.5	923	1363	23,300	Magnesium	After magnesia or magnesia alba (mineral magnesium oxide)
13	Al	13	3	26.982	2.698	168.4	933	2792	82,300	Aluminium	After alumina (mineral aluminium oxide)
14	Si	14	3	28.085	2.33	145.5	1687	3538	282,000	Silicon	After silica (mineral silicon dioxide)
15	P	15	3	30.974	1.82	113.6	317	550	1,050	Phosphorus	Mythology: Phosphorus (morning star), Greek god of dawn (morning appearance of Venus)
16	S	16	3	32.06	2.067	129.0	388	718	350	Sulfur	Latin: sulphur (fire and brimstone)
17	Cl	17	3	35.45	0.003	.2006	172	239	145	Chlorine	Greek: chloros (greenish yellow)
18	Ar	18	3	39.948	0.002	.1114	84	87	3.5	Argon	Greek: argos (idle)
19	K	1	4	39.098	0.862	53.81	337	1032	20,900	Potassium	Latin: kalium" (alkali in potash) and potassium (from potash)
20	Ca	2	4	40.078	1.54	96.14	1115	1757	41,500	Calcium	Latin: calx (lime)
21	Sc	3	4	44.956	2.989	186.6	1814	3109	22	Scandium	For Scandia (Scandinavia in Latin) where first identified
22	Ti	4	4	47.867	4.54	283.4	1941	3560	5,650	Titanium	Mythology: Titans, the sons of Gaia, the Earth goddess
23	V	5	4	50.942	6.11	381.4	2183	3680	120	Vanadium	Mythology: Freyja (Lady) Vanadis, the Vanir (Norse group of gods) dis (goddess of fate)
24	Cr	6	4	51.996	7.15	446.4	2180	2944	102	Chromium	Greek: chroma (colour)
25	Mn	7	4	54.938	7.44	464.5	1519	2334	950	Manganese	After magnes or magnesia negra (mineral pyrolusite)
26	Fe	8	4	55.845	7.874	491.6	1811	3134	56,300	Iron	Latin: ferrum (iron)
27	Co	9	4	58.933	8.86	553.1	1768	3200	25	Cobalt	After cobold (a mischievous sprite from German miner folklore)
28	Ni	10	4	58.693	8.912	556.4	1728	3186	84	Nickel	After nickel (a mischievous sprite from German miner folklore)
29	Cu	11	4	63.546	8.96	559.4	1358	2835	60	Copper	Latin: cuprum (copper)
30	Zn	12	4	65.382	7.134	445.4	693	1180	70	Zinc	German: zinke (prong, tooth)
31	Ga	13	4	69.723	5.907	368.8	303	2673	19	Gallium	For Gallia (France in Latin) where first identified
32	Ge	14	4	72.631	5.323	332.3	1211	3106	1.5	Germanium	For Germania (Germany in Latin) where first identified
33	As	15	4	74.922	5.776	360.6	1090	887	1.8	Arsenic	Latin: arsenicum (arsenic)
34	Se	16	4	78.972	4.809	300.2	453	958	0.05	Selenium	Mythology: Selene, Greek goddess of the moon
35	Br	17	4	79.904	3.122	194.9	266	332	2.4	Bromine	Greek: bromos (stench)
36	Kr	18	4	83.798	0.004	.2330	116	120	1×10⁻⁴	Krypton	Greek: kryptos (hidden)
37	Rb	1	5	85.468	1.532	95.64	312	961	90	Rubidium	Latin: rubidus (deep red)
38	Sr	2	5	87.621	2.64	164.8	1050	1655	370	Strontium	For Strontian, Scotland where first identified
39	Y	3	5	88.906	4.469	279.0	1799	3609	33	Yttrium	For Ytterby, Sweden where first identified
40	Zr	4	5	91.224	6.506	406.2	2128	4682	165	Zirconium	After zircon (mineral jargoon, hyacinth, jacinth, ligure, etc.)
41	Nb	5	5	92.906	8.57	535.0	2750	5017	20	Niobium	Mythology: Niobe, daughter of King Tantalus of Tantalis (see Tantalum)
42	Mo	6	5	95.951	10.22	638.0	2896	4912	1.2	Molybdenum	Greek: molybdos (lead)
43	Tc	7	5	98	11.5	717.9	2430	4538	∼ 3×10⁻⁹	Technetium	Greek: tekhnètos (artificial)
44	Ru	8	5	101.072	12.37	772.2	2607	4423	0.001	Ruthenium	For Ruthenia (Russia in Latin) where first identified
45	Rh	9	5	102.906	12.41	774.7	2237	3968	0.001	Rhodium	Greek: rhodos, (rose-coloured)
46	Pd	10	5	106.421	12.02	750.4	1828	3236	0.015	Palladium	Mythology: Pallas Athena, Greek goddess of wisdom, craft, and warfare
47	Ag	11	5	107.868	10.501	655.6	1235	2435	0.075	Silver	Latin: argentum (silver)
48	Cd	12	5	112.414	8.69	542.5	594	1040	0.159	Cadmium	Mythology: Cadmus, first King of Thebes (Greek city-state)
49	In	13	5	114.818	7.31	456.3	430	2345	0.25	Indium	Latin: indicum (of India), for the source of indigo dye
50	Sn	14	5	118.711	7.287	454.9	505	2875	2.3	Tin	Latin: stannum (tin)
51	Sb	15	5	121.760	6.685	417.3	904	1860	0.2	Antimony	Greek: anti- (against) and monos (alone)
52	Te	16	5	127.603	6.232	389.1	723	1261	0.001	Tellurium	Latin: tellus (earth)
53	I	17	5	126.904	4.93	307.8	387	457	0.45	Iodine	Greek: iodes (violet-coloured)
54	Xe	18	5	131.294	0.006	.3675	161	165	3×10⁻⁵	Xenon	Greek: xenos (strange)
55	Cs	1	6	132.905	1.873	116.9	302	944	3	Caesium	Latin: caesius (sky blue)
56	Ba	2	6	137.328	3.594	224.4	1000	2170	425	Barium	Greek: barys (heavy)
57	La	3L	6	138.905	6.145	383.6	1193	3737	39	Lanthanum	Greek: lanthanein (to lie hidden)
58	Ce	3L	6	140.116	6.77	422.6	1068	3716	66.5	Cerium	Mythology: Ceres, Roman goddess of agriculture
59	Pr	3L	6	140.908	6.773	422.8	1208	3793	9.2	Praseodymium	Greek: praseios didymos (green twin)
60	Nd	3L	6	144.242	7.007	437.4	1297	3347	41.5	Neodymium	Greek: neos didymos (new twin)
61	Pm	3L	6	145	7.26	453.2	1315	3273	2×10⁻¹⁹	Promethium	Mythology: Prometheus, who stole fire from the Gods for humanity
62	Sm	3L	6	150.362	7.52	469.5	1345	2067	7.05	Samarium	After samarskite (mineral named for Vassili Samarsky-Bykhovets)
63	Eu	3L	6	151.964	5.243	327.3	1099	1802	2	Europium	For Europe, the continent where first identified
64	Gd	3L	6	157.253	7.895	492.9	1585	3546	6.2	Gadolinium	Person: Johan Gadolin, chemist, physicist and mineralogist
65	Tb	3L	6	158.925	8.229	513.7	1629	3503	1.2	Terbium	For Ytterby, Sweden where first identified
66	Dy	3L	6	162.500	8.55	533.8	1680	2840	5.2	Dysprosium	Greek: dysprositos (hard to get)
67	Ho	3L	6	164.930	8.795	549.1	1734	2993	1.3	Holmium	For Holmia (Stockholm in Latin) where first identified
68	Er	3L	6	167.259	9.066	566.0	1802	3141	3.5	Erbium	For Ytterby, Sweden where first identified
69	Tm	3L	6	168.934	9.321	581.9	1818	2223	0.52	Thulium	For Thule (Scandinavia in Ancient Greek) where first identified
70	Yb	3L	6	173.045	6.965	434.8	1097	1469	3.2	Ytterbium	For Ytterby, Sweden where first identified
71	Lu	3L	6	174.967	9.84	614.3	1925	3675	0.8	Lutetium	For Lutetia (Paris in Latin) where first identified
72	Hf	4	6	178.492	13.31	830.9	2506	4876	3	Hafnium	For Hafnia (Copenhagen in Latin) where first identified
73	Ta	5	6	180.948	16.654	1,040	3290	5731	2	Tantalum	Mythology: Tantalus, first King of Tantalis (Greek city-state in present-day Turky)
74	W	6	6	183.841	19.25	1,202	3695	5828	1.3	Tungsten	Swedish tung sten (heavy stone), W is wolfram, the old name of the tungsten mineral wolframite)
75	Re	7	6	186.207	21.02	1,312	3459	5869	7×10⁻⁴	Rhenium	For Rhenus (Rhine river in Latin) where first identified
76	Os	8	6	190.233	22.61	1,411	3306	5285	0.002	Osmium	Greek: osmè (smell)
77	Ir	9	6	192.217	22.56	1,408	2719	4701	0.001	Iridium	Mythology: Iris, Greek goddess of the rainbow
78	Pt	10	6	195.085	21.46	1,340	2041	4098	0.005	Platinum	Spanish platina (little silver)
79	Au	11	6	196.967	19.282	1,204	1337	3129	0.004	Gold	Latin: aurum (gold)
80	Hg	12	6	200.592	13.5336	844.9	234	630	0.085	Mercury	Mythology: Mercury, Roman god of mobility • Hg from hydr- (water) and argyros (silver)
81	Tl	13	6	204.38	11.85	739.8	577	1746	0.85	Thallium	Greek: thallos (green twig)
82	Pb	14	6	207.21	11.342	708.1	601	2022	14	Lead	Latin: plumbum (lead)
83	Bi	15	6	208.980	9.807	612.2	545	1837	0.009	Bismuth	Uncertain: possibly Arabic or German
84	Po	16	6	209	9.32	581.8	527	1235	2×10⁻¹⁰	Polonium	For Polonia (Poland), homeland of Marie Curie, who also discovered Radium
85	At	17	6	210	7	437.0	575	610	3×10⁻²⁰	Astatine	Greek: astatos (unstable)
86	Rn	18	6	222	0.010	.6074	202	211	4×10⁻¹³	Radon	Latin: exradio (from radium), first identified as radioactive decay of radium
87	Fr	1	7	223	1.87	116.7	300	950	∼ 1×10⁻¹⁸	Francium	For Francia (France in Latin) where first identified
88	Ra	2	7	226	5.5	343.4	973	2010	9×10⁻⁷	Radium	Latin: radius (ray)
89	Ac	3A	7	227	10.07	628.6	1323	3471	5.5×10⁻¹⁰	Actinium	Greek: aktis (ray)
90	Th	3A	7	232.038	11.72	731.7	2115	5061	9.6	Thorium	Mythology: Thor, Scandinavian god of thunder, lightning and strength
91	Pa	3A	7	231.036	15.37	959.5	1841	4300	1.4×10⁻⁶	Protactinium	Greek: protos (first, before) and actinium (product of radioactive decay of protactinium)
92	U	3A	7	238.029	18.95	1,183	1405	4404	2.7	Uranium	Mythology: Uranus, Greek god of the sky and heavens
93	Np	3A	7	237	20.45	1,277	917	4273	≤ 3×10⁻¹²	Neptunium	Mythology: Neptune, Roman god of freshwater and the sea
94	Pu	3A	7	244	19.84	1,239	913	3501	≤ 3×10⁻¹¹	Plutonium	Mythology: Pluto, Greco-Roman god of Hades (the underworld)
95	Am	3A	7	243	13.69	854.6	1449	2880	—	Americium	For Americas, the continent where first synthesized
96	Cm	3A	7	247	13.51	843.4	1613	3383	—	Curium	Person: Marie & Pierre Curie, physicist and chemist
97	Bk	3A	7	247	14.79	923.3	1259	2900	—	Berkelium	For Berkeley, California where first synthesized
98	Cf	3A	7	251	15.1	942.7	1173	1743	—	Californium	For California where first synthesized
99	Es	3A	7	252	8.84	551.9	1133	1269	—	Einsteinium	Person: Albert Einstein, physicist
100	Fm	3A	7	257	∼9.7	610	1125	–	—	Fermium	Person: Enrico Fermi, physicist
101	Md	3A	7	258	∼10.3	643	1100	–	—	Mendelevium	Person: Dmitri Mendeleev, chemist and inventor
102	No	3A	7	259	∼9.9	620	1100	–	—	Nobelium	Person: Alfred Nobel, chemist, engineer, inventor of dynamite
103	Lr	3A	7	266	∼15.6	974	1900	–	—	Lawrencium	Person: Ernest O. Lawrence, physicist
104	Rf	4	7	267	∼23.2	1,450	2400	5800	—	Rutherfordium	Person: Ernest Rutherford, chemist and physicist
105	Db	5	7	268	∼29.3	1,830	–	–	—	Dubnium	For Dubna, Russia (home of JINR) where first synthesized
106	Sg	6	7	269	∼35.0	2,180	–	–	—	Seaborgium	Person: Glenn T. Seaborg, scientist
107	Bh	7	7	270	∼37.1	2,320	–	–	—	Bohrium	Person: Niels Bohr, physicist
108	Hs	8	7	277	∼40.7	2,540	–	–	—	Hassium	For Hesse, Germany where first synthesized
109	Mt	9	7	278	∼37.4	2,330	–	–	—	Meitnerium	Person: Lise Meitner, physicist
110	Ds	10	7	281	∼34.8	2,170	–	–	—	Darmstadtium	For Darmstadt, Germany where first synthesized
111	Rg	11	7	282	∼28.7	1,790	–	–	—	Roentgenium	Person: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, physicist
112	Cn	12	7	285	∼23.7	1,480	–	357	—	Copernicium	Person: Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer
113	Nh	13	7	286	∼16	999	700	1400	—	Nihonium	For Nihon (Japan) where first synthesized
114	Fl	14	7	289	∼14	874	–	210	—	Flerovium	For Flerov LNR (named for Georgy Flyorov), where first synthesized
115	Mc	15	7	290	∼13.5	843	700	1400	—	Moscovium	For Moscow Oblast, Russia where first synthesized
116	Lv	16	7	293	∼12.9	805	709	1085	—	Livermorium	For Lawrence Livermore NL where first synthesized (with JINR)
117	Ts	17	7	294	∼7.2	450	723	883	—	Tennessine	For Tennessee, United States where first synthesized
118	Og	18	7	294	∼5	310	–	350	—	Oganesson	Person: Yuri Oganessian, physicist