Difference between revisions of "Elements"
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| − | {| class=" | + | {| class="tight center" |
| + | |style="padding-top:.67em;" rowspan=3 class=right| Dᴀ | ||
| + | |style="padding-top:.67em;" rowspan=3| = | ||
| + | |style="border-bottom:1px solid black;" colspan=7| 1 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! {{abbr|Z|Atomic number}} | + | |style="border-bottom:1px solid black;" class=right| %ᴍ₁ |
| − | ! {{abbr|S|Symbol}} | + | |style="padding-top:.67em;" rowspan=2| + |
| − | ! {{abbr|G|Group}} | + | |style="border-bottom:1px solid black;" class=right| %ᴍ₂ |
| − | ! | + | |style="padding-top:.67em;" rowspan=2| + |
| − | + | |style="border-bottom:1px solid black;" class=right| %ᴍ₃ | |
| − | !class=center| {{abbr|1= g<br><span style="border-top:1px solid;">cm³</span>|2=Density}} | + | |style="padding-top:.67em;" rowspan=2| + |
| − | !class=center| {{abbr|1=lb<br><span style="border-top:1px solid;">ft³</span>|2=Density}} | + | |style="padding-top:.67em;" rowspan=2| ⋯ |
| − | ! Melt<br>(K) | + | |- |
| − | ! Boil<br>(K) | + | |class=right| Dᴍ₁ |
| − | ! {{abbr|1=mg<br><span style="border-top:1px solid;">kg</span>|2=Earth’s crust}} | + | |class=right| Dᴍ₂ |
| + | |class=right| Dᴍ₃ | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | {| class="sortable zebra c1r c1sm c2ms c3sm c3nw c7r c8r c11sm" | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | !class=nw| {{abbr|Z|Atomic number}} | ||
| + | !class=nw style="font-family:inherit;"| {{abbr|S|Symbol}} | ||
| + | !class=nw| {{abbr|G-P|Group & Period}} | ||
| + | !class=center| {{abbr|u|Atomic weight}} | ||
| + | !class=center| {{abbr|1= g<br><span style="border-top:1px solid; padding:0 4px;">cm³</span>|2=Density}} | ||
| + | !class="nw center"| {{abbr|1=lb<br><span style="border-top:1px solid; padding:0 4px;">ft³</span>|2=Density}} | ||
| + | !class=nw| Melt<br>(K) | ||
| + | !class=nw| Boil<br>(K) | ||
| + | !class=center| {{abbr|1=mg<br><span style="border-top:1px solid; padding:0 8px;">kg</span>|2=Earth’s crust}} | ||
! Element | ! Element | ||
! Origin of name | ! Origin of name | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1 || H || 1 | | + | | 1 || H ||class=in1 data-sort-value="01-1"| 1-1 ||class=in2| 1.008 ||class=in1 data-sort-value="0.00008988"| 0.000 || .0056 || 14 || 20 ||class=in2| 1,400 || Hydrogen || Greek: ''hydro-'' and ''-gen'' (water-forming) |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 2 || He || 18-1 ||class=in2| 4.003 ||class=in1 data-sort-value="0.0001786"| 0.000 || .0111 || 1 || 4 ||class=in3| 0.008 || Helium || Mythology: ''Helios'', Greek god and personification of the Sun | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 3 || Li ||class=in1 data-sort-value="01-2"| 1-2 ||class=in2| 6.939 ||class=in1| 0.534 || 33.34 || 454 || 1603 ||class=in2| 20 || Lithium || Greek: ''lithos'' (stone) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 4 || Be ||class=in1 data-sort-value="02-2"| 2-2 ||class=in2| 9.012 ||class=in1| 1.85 || 115.5 || 1560 || 2742 ||class=in3| 2.8 || Beryllium || After ''beryllus'' (mineral beryllium aluminium cyclosilicate) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 5 || B || 13-2 ||class=in1| 10.81 ||class=in1| 2.08<!-- 2.08 (liquid), 2.34 (?) --> || 146.1 || 2349 || 4200 ||class=in2| 10 || Boron || After ''borax'' (mineral sodium borate) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 6 || C || 14-2 ||class=in1| 12.011 ||class=in1| 2.267 || 141.5 || 3915 || 3915 ||class=in1| 200 || Carbon<small> (graphite)</small> || Latin: ''carbo'' (coal) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 6 || C || 14-2 ||class=in1| 12.011 ||class=in1 data-sort-value="3.5155"| 3.515 || 219.4 || 4093 || 5373 ||class=in1| 200 || Carbon<small> (diamond)</small> || Latin: ''carbo'' (coal) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 7 || N || 15-2 ||class=in1| 14.007 ||class=in1 data-sort-value="0.0012504"| 0.001 || .0781 || 63 || 77 ||class=in2| 19 || Nitrogen || Greek: ''nitron'' and ''-gen'' (niter-forming) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 8 || O || 16-2 ||class=in1| 15.999 ||class=in1 data-sort-value="0.001429"| 0.001 || .0892 || 54 || 90 || 461,000 || Oxygen || Greek: ''oxy-'' and ''-gen'' (acid-forming) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 9 || F || 17-2 ||class=in1| 18.998 ||class=in1 data-sort-value="0.001696"| 0.002 || .1059 || 53 || 85 ||class=in1| 585 || Fluorine || Latin: ''fluere'' (to flow) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 10 || Ne || 18-2 ||class=in1| 20.18 ||class=in1 data-sort-value="0.0009002"| 0.001 || .0562 || 25 || 27 ||class=in3| 0.005 || Neon || Greek: ''neos'' (new) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | |data-sort-value="8.67"| — ||class=sm| H₂O ||class=in1 data-sort-value="19"| — ||class=in1| 18.015 ||class=in1| '''1''' || 62.43 || 273 || 373 ||data-sort-value="49.5E6"|∼50×10⁶ || Water || — |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 11 || Na ||class=in1 data-sort-value="01-3"| 1-3 ||class=in1| 22.99 ||class=in1| 0.968 || 60.62 || 371 || 1156 ||class=in1| 23,600 || Sodium || Latin: ''natrium'' (soda) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 12 || Mg ||class=in1 data-sort-value="02-3"| 2-3 ||class=in1| 24.305 ||class=in1| 1.738 || 108.5 || 923 || 1363 ||class=in1| 23,300 || Magnesium || After ''magnesia'' or ''magnesia alba'' (mineral magnesium oxide) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 13 || Al || 13-3 ||class=in1| 26.982 ||class=in1| 2.698 || 168.4 || 933 || 2743 ||class=in1| 82,300 || Aluminium || After ''alumina'' (mineral aluminium oxide) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 14 || Si || 14-3 ||class=in1| 28.085 ||class=in1| 2.329 || 145.4 || 1687 || 3538 || 282,000 || Silicon || After ''silica'' (mineral silicon dioxide) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 15 || P || 15-3 ||class=in1| 30.974 ||class=in1| 1.823 || 113.6 || 317 || 553 ||class=in2| 1,050 || Phosphorus<small> (white)</small> || Mythology: ''Phosphorus'' (morning star), Greek god of dawn (morning appearance of Venus) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 16 || S || 16-3 ||class=in1| 32.06 ||class=in1| 2.067 || 129.0 || 388 || 718 ||class=in1| 350 || Sulfur<small> (alpha)</small> || Latin: ''sulphur'' (fire and brimstone) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 17 || Cl || 17-3 ||class=in1| 35.45 ||class=in1 data-sort-value="0.003214"| 0.003 || .2006 || 172 || 239 ||class=in1| 145 || Chlorine || Greek: ''chloros'' (greenish yellow) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 18 || Ar || 18-3 ||class=in1| 39.948 ||class=in1 data-sort-value="0.0017837"| 0.002 || .1114 || 84 || 87 ||class=in3| 3.5 || Argon || Greek: ''argos'' (idle) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 19 || K ||class=in1 data-sort-value="01-4"| 1-4 ||class=in1| 39.098 ||class=in1| 0.862 || 53.81 || 337 || 1032 ||class=in1| 20,900 || Potassium || Latin: ''kalium" (alkali in potash) and ''potassium'' (from potash) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 20 || Ca ||class=in1 data-sort-value="02-4"| 2-4 ||class=in1| 40.078 ||class=in1| 1.55 || 96.14 || 1115 || 1757 ||class=in1| 41,500 || Calcium || Latin: ''calx'' (lime) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 21 || Sc ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-4"| 3-4 ||class=in1| 44.956 ||class=in1| 2.985 || 186.6 || 1814 || 3109 ||class=in2| 22 || Scandium || For ''Scandia'' (Scandinavia in Latin) where first identified |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 22 || Ti ||class=in1 data-sort-value="04-4"| 4-4 ||class=in1| 47.867 ||class=in1| 4.506 || 283.4 || 1941 || 3560 ||class=in2| 5,650 || Titanium || Mythology: ''Titans'', the sons of ''Gaia'', the Earth goddess |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 23 || V ||class=in1 data-sort-value="05-4"| 5-4 ||class=in1| 50.942 ||class=in1| 6.0 || 381.4 || 2183 || 3680 ||class=in1| 120 || Vanadium || Mythology: ''Freyja'' (Lady) ''Vanadis'', the ''Vanir'' (Norse group of gods) ''dis'' (goddess of fate) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 24 || Cr ||class=in1 data-sort-value="06-4"| 6-4 ||class=in1| 51.996 ||class=in1| 7.19 || 446.4 || 2180 || 2944 ||class=in1| 102 || Chromium || Greek: ''chroma'' (colour) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 25 || Mn ||class=in1 data-sort-value="07-4"| 7-4 ||class=in1| 54.938 ||class=in1| 7.21 || 464.5 || 1519 || 2334 ||class=in1| 950 || Manganese || After ''magnes'' or ''magnesia negra'' (mineral pyrolusite) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 26 || Fe ||class=in1 data-sort-value="08-4"| 8-4 ||class=in1| 55.845 ||class=in1 data-sort-value="7.8748"| 7.875 || 491.6 || 1811 || 3134 ||class=in1| 56,300 || Iron<small> (α-)</small> || Latin: ''ferrum'' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 27 || Co ||class=in1 data-sort-value="09-4"| 9-4 ||class=in1| 58.933 ||class=in1| 8.90 || 553.1 || 1768 || 3200 ||class=in2| 25 || Cobalt || After ''cobold'' (a mischievous sprite from German miner folklore) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 28 || '''Ni''' || 10-4 ||class=in1| 58.693 ||class=in1 data-sort-value="8.9117"| 8.912 || 556.4 || 1728 || 3003 ||class=in2| 84 || Nickel || After ''nickel'' (a mischievous sprite from German miner folklore) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 29 || '''Cu''' || 11-4 ||class=in1| 63.546 ||class=in1 data-sort-value="8.9331"| 8.933 || 559.4 || 1358 || 2835 ||class=in2| 60 || Copper || Latin: ''cuprum'' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 30 || Zn || 12-4 ||class=in1| 65.382 ||class=in1| 7.134 || 445.4 || 693 || 1180 ||class=in2| 70 || Zinc || German: ''zinke'' (prong, tooth) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 31 || Ga || 13-4 ||class=in1| 69.723 ||class=in1| 5.907 || 368.8 || 303 || 2673 ||class=in2| 19 || Gallium || For ''Gallia'' (France in Latin) where first identified |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 32 || Ge || 14-4 ||class=in1| 72.631 ||class=in1| 5.323 || 332.3 || 1211 || 3106 ||class=in3| 1.5 || Germanium || For ''Germania'' (Germany in Latin) where first identified |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 33 || As || 15-4 ||class=in1| 74.922 ||class=in1| 5.727 || 360.6 || 887 || 887 ||class=in3| 1.8 || Arsenic || Latin: ''arsenicum'' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 34 || Se || 16-4 ||class=in1| 78.972 ||class=in1| 4.809 || 300.2 || 494 || 958 ||class=in3| 0.05 || Selenium<small> (gray)</small> || Mythology: ''Selene'', Greek goddess of the moon |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 35 || Br || 17-4 ||class=in1| 79.904 ||class=in1 data-sort-value="3.1028"| 3.103 || 194.9 || 266 || 332 ||class=in3| 2.4 || Bromine || Greek: ''bromos'' (stench) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 36 || Kr || 18-4 ||class=in1| 83.798 ||class=in1 data-sort-value="0.003749"| 0.004 || .2330 || 116 || 120 ||class=right data-sort-value="1.0E-04"| 1×10⁻⁴ || Krypton || Greek: ''kryptos'' (hidden) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 37 || Rb ||class=in1 data-sort-value="01-5"| 1-5 ||class=in1| 85.468 ||class=in1| 1.532 || 95.64 || 312 || 961 ||class=in2| 90 || Rubidium || Latin: ''rubidus'' (deep red) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 38 || Sr ||class=in1 data-sort-value="02-5"| 2-5 ||class=in1| 87.621 ||class=in1| 2.64 || 164.8 || 1050 || 1650 ||class=in1| 370 || Strontium || For Strontian, Scotland where first identified |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 39 || Y ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-5"| 3-5 ||class=in1| 88.906 ||class=in1| 4.472 || 279.0 || 1799 || 3203 ||class=in2| 33 || Yttrium || For Ytterby, Sweden where first identified |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 40 || Zr ||class=in1 data-sort-value="04-5"| 4-5 ||class=in1| 91.224 ||class=in1| 6.52 || 406.2 || 2128 || 4650 ||class=in1| 165 || Zirconium || After ''zircon'' (mineral jargoon, hyacinth, jacinth, ligure, etc.) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 41 || Nb ||class=in1 data-sort-value="05-5"| 5-5 ||class=in1| 92.906 ||class=in1| 8.57 || 535.0 || 2750 || 5017 ||class=in2| 20 || Niobium || Mythology: ''Niobe'', daughter of King Tantalus of Tantalis (see Tantalum) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 42 || Mo ||class=in1 data-sort-value="06-5"| 6-5 ||class=in1| 95.951 || 10.28 || 638.0 || 2896 || 4912 ||class=in3| 1.2 || Molybdenum || Greek: ''molybdos'' (lead) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 43 || Tc ||class=in1 data-sort-value="07-5"| 7-5 ||class=in1| 98 || 11 || 717.9 || 2430 || 4538 ||class=right data-sort-value="3.0E-09"| ∼ 3×10⁻⁹ || Technetium || Greek: ''tekhnètos'' (artificial) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 44 || Ru ||class=in1 data-sort-value="08-5"| 8-5 || 101.072 || 12.45 || 772.2 || 2607 || 4423 ||class=in3| 0.001 || Ruthenium || For ''Ruthenia'' (Russia in Latin) where first identified |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 45 || Rh ||class=in1 data-sort-value="09-5"| 9-5 || 102.906 || 12.41 || 774.7 || 2237 || 3968 ||class=in3| 0.001 || Rhodium || Greek: ''rhodos,'' (rose-coloured) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 46 || '''Pd''' || 10-5 || 106.421 || 12.023 || 750.4 || 1828 || 3236 ||class=in3| 0.015 || Palladium || Mythology: ''Pallas Athena'', Greek goddess of wisdom, craft, and warfare |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 47 || '''Ag''' || 11-5 || 107.868 || 10.501 || 655.6 || 1235 || 2435 ||class=in3| 0.075 || Silver || Latin: ''argentum'' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 48 || Cd || 12-5 || 112.414 ||class=in1| 8.65 || 542.5 || 594 || 1040 ||class=in3| 0.159 || Cadmium || Mythology: ''Cadmus'', first King of Thebes (Greek city-state) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 49 || In || 13-5 || 114.818 ||class=in1| 7.31 || 456.3 || 430 || 2345 ||class=in3| 0.25 || Indium || Latin: ''indicum'' (of India), for the source of indigo dye |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 50 || Sn || 14-5 || 118.711 ||class=in1 data-sort-value="7.2867"| 7.287 || 454.9 || 505 || 2875 ||class=in3| 2.3 || Tin<small> (white, β-)</small> || Latin: ''stannum'' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 51 || Sb || 15-5 || 121.760 ||class=in1| 6.697 || 417.3 || 904 || 1908 ||class=in3| 0.2 || Antimony || Greek: ''anti-'' (against) and ''monos'' (alone) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 52 || Te || 16-5 || 127.603 ||class=in1| 6.24 || 389.1 || 723 || 1261 ||class=in3| 0.001 || Tellurium || Latin: ''tellus'' (earth) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 53 || I || 17-5 || 126.904 ||class=in1| 4.933 || 307.8 || 387 || 457 ||class=in3| 0.45 || Iodine || Greek: ''iodes'' (violet-coloured) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 54 || Xe || 18-5 || 131.294 ||class=in1 data-sort-value="0.005894"| 0.006 || .3675 || 161 || 165 ||class=right data-sort-value="3.0E-05"| 3×10⁻⁵ || Xenon || Greek: ''xenos'' (strange) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 55 || Cs ||class=in1 data-sort-value="01-6"| 1-6 || 132.905 ||data-sort-value="1.886"|∼1.88 || 116.9 || 302 || 944 ||class=in3| 3 || Caesium || Latin: ''caesius'' (sky blue) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 56 || Ba ||class=in1 data-sort-value="02-6"| 2-6 || 137.328 ||class=in1| 3.51 || 224.4 || 1000 || 2118 ||class=in1| 425 || Barium || Greek: ''barys'' (heavy) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 57 || La ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-6a"| 3-6 || 138.905 ||class=in1| 6.162 || 383.6 || 1193 || 3737 ||class=in2| 39 || Lanthanum || Greek: ''lanthanein'' (to lie hidden) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 58 || Ce ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-6b"| 3-6 || 140.116 ||class=in1| 6.770 || 422.6 || 1068 || 3716 ||class=in2| 66.5 || Cerium || Mythology: ''Ceres'', Roman goddess of agriculture |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 59 || Pr ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-6c"| 3-6 || 140.908 ||class=in1| 6.773 || 422.8 || 1208 || 3403 ||class=in3| 9.2 || Praseodymium || Greek: ''praseios didymos'' (green twin) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 60 || Nd ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-6d"| 3-6 || 144.242 ||class=in1| 7.007 || 437.4 || 1297 || 3347 ||class=in2| 41.5 || Neodymium || Greek: ''neos didymos'' (new twin) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 61 || Pm ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-6e"| 3-6 || 145 ||class=in1| 7.26 || 453.2 || 1315 || 3273 ||class=right data-sort-value="2.0E-19"| 2×10⁻¹⁹ || Promethium || Mythology: ''Prometheus'', who stole fire from the Gods for humanity |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 62 || Sm ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-6f"| 3-6 || 150.362 ||class=in1| 7.52 || 469.5 || 1345 || 2173 ||class=in3| 7.05 || Samarium || After ''samarskite'' (mineral named for Vassili Samarsky-Bykhovets) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 63 || Eu ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-6g"| 3-6 || 151.964 ||class=in1| 5.264 || 327.3 || 1099 || 1802 ||class=in3| 2 || Europium || For ''Europe'', the continent where first identified |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 64 || Gd ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-6h"| 3-6 || 157.253 ||class=in1| 7.895 || 492.9 || 1585 || 3273 ||class=in3| 6.2 || Gadolinium || Person: Johan Gadolin, chemist, physicist and mineralogist |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 65 || Tb ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-6i"| 3-6 || 158.925 ||class=in1| 8.229 || 513.7 || 1629 || 3396 ||class=in3| 1.2 || Terbium || For Ytterby, Sweden where first identified |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 66 || Dy ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-6j"| 3-6 || 162.500 ||class=in1| 8.540 || 533.8 || 1680 || 2840 ||class=in3| 5.2 || Dysprosium || Greek: ''dysprositos'' (hard to get) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 67 || Ho ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-6k"| 3-6 || 164.930 ||class=in1| 8.795 || 549.1 || 1734 || 2873 ||class=in3| 1.3 || Holmium || For ''Holmia'' (Stockholm in Latin) where first identified |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 68 || Er ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-6l"| 3-6 || 167.259 ||class=in1| 9.066 || 566.0 || 1802 || 3141 ||class=in3| 3.5 || Erbium || For Ytterby, Sweden where first identified |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 69 || Tm ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-6m"| 3-6 || 168.934 ||class=in1| 9.321 || 581.9 || 1818 || 2223 ||class=in3| 0.52 || Thulium || For ''Thule'' (Scandinavia in Ancient Greek) where first identified |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 70 || Yb ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-6n"| 3-6 || 173.045 ||class=in1| 6.90 || 434.8 || 1097 || 1469 ||class=in3| 3.2 || Ytterbium || For Ytterby, Sweden where first identified |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 71 || Lu ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-6o"| 3-6 || 174.967 ||class=in1| 9.841 || 614.3 || 1925 || 3675 ||class=in3| 0.8 || Lutetium || For ''Lutetia'' (Paris in Latin) where first identified |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 72 || Hf ||class=in1 data-sort-value="04-6"| 4-6 || 178.492 || 13.31 || 830.9 || 2506 || 4876 ||class=in3| 3 || Hafnium || For ''Hafnia'' (Copenhagen in Latin) where first identified |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 73 || Ta ||class=in1 data-sort-value="05-6"| 5-6 || 180.948 || 16.69 || 1,040 || 3290 || 5731 ||class=in3| 2 || Tantalum || Mythology: ''Tantalus'', first King of ''Tantalis'' (Greek city-state in present-day Turky) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 74 || W ||class=in1 data-sort-value="06-6"| 6-6 || 183.841 || 19.25 || 1,202 || 3695 || 6203 ||class=in3| 1.3 || Tungsten || Swedish ''tung sten'' (heavy stone), W is wolfram, the old name of the tungsten mineral wolframite) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 75 || Re ||class=in1 data-sort-value="07-6"| 7-6 || 186.207 || 21.02 || 1,312 || 3459 || 5903 ||class=right data-sort-value="7.0E-04"| 7×10⁻⁴ || Rhenium || For ''Rhenus'' (Rhine river in Latin) where first identified |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 76 || Os ||class=in1 data-sort-value="08-6"| 8-6 || 190.233 || 22.59 || 1,411 || 3306 || 5285 ||class=in3| 0.002 || Osmium || Greek: ''osmè'' (smell) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 77 || Ir ||class=in1 data-sort-value="09-6"| 9-6 || 192.217 || 22.56 || 1,408 || 2719 || 4403 ||class=in3| 0.001 || Iridium || Mythology: ''Iris'', Greek goddess of the rainbow |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 78 || '''Pt''' || 10-6 || 195.085 || 21.460 || 1,340 || 2041 || 4098 ||class=in3| 0.005 || Platinum || Spanish ''platina'' (little silver) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 79 || '''Au''' || 11-6 || 196.967 || 19.282 || 1,204 || 1337 || 3243 ||class=in3| 0.004 || Gold || Latin: ''aurum'' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 80 || Hg || 12-6 || 200.592 || 13.5336 || 844.9 || 234 || 630 ||class=in3| 0.085 || Mercury || Mythology: ''Mercury'', Roman god of mobility • Hg from ''hydr-'' (water) and ''argyros'' (silver) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 81 || Tl || 13-6 || 204.38 || 11.85 || 739.8 || 577 || 1746 ||class=in3| 0.85 || Thallium || Greek: ''thallos'' (green twig) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 82 || Pb || 14-6 || 207.21 || 11.342 || 708.1 || 601 || 2022 ||class=in2| 14 || Lead || Latin: ''plumbum'' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 83 || Bi || 15-6 || 208.980 ||class=in1| 9.78 || 612.2 || 545 || 1837 ||class=in3| 0.009 || Bismuth || Uncertain: possibly Arabic or German |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 84 || Po || 16-6 || 209 ||data-sort-value="9.297"|∼9.297 || 581.8 || 527 || 1235 ||class=right data-sort-value="2.0E-10"| 2×10⁻¹⁰ || Polonium || For ''Polonia'' (Poland), homeland of Marie Curie, who also discovered Radium |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 85 || At || 17-6 || 210 ||data-sort-value="6.35"|∼6.35 || 437.0 || 575 || 610 ||class=right data-sort-value="3.0E-20"| 3×10⁻²⁰ || Astatine || Greek: ''astatos'' (unstable) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 86 || Rn || 18-6 || 222 ||class=in1 data-sort-value="0.00973"| 0.010 || .6074 || 202 || 211 ||class=right data-sort-value="4.0E-13"| 4×10⁻¹³ || Radon || Latin: ''exradio'' (from radium), first identified as radioactive decay of radium |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 87 || Fr ||class=in1 data-sort-value="01-7"| 1-7 || 223 ||data-sort-value="2.9"|∼2.9 || 116.7 || 300 || 950 ||class=right data-sort-value="1.0E-18"| ∼ 1×10⁻¹⁸ || Francium || For ''Francia'' (France in Latin) where first identified |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 88 || Ra ||class=in1 data-sort-value="02-7"| 2-7 || 226 ||class=in1| 5.5 || 343.4 || 973 || 2010 ||class=right data-sort-value="9.0E-07"| 9×10⁻⁷ || Radium || Latin: ''radius'' (ray) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 89 || Ac ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-7a"| 3-7 || 227 || 10.07 || 628.6 || 1500 || 3500 ||class=right data-sort-value="5.5E-10"| 5.5×10⁻¹⁰ || Actinium || Greek: ''aktis'' (ray) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 90 || Th ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-7b"| 3-7 || 232.038 || 11.72 || 731.7 || 2023 || 5061 ||class=in3| 9.6 || Thorium || Mythology: ''Thor'', Scandinavian god of thunder, lightning and strength |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 91 || Pa ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-7c"| 3-7 || 231.036 || 15.37 || 959.5 || 1841 || 4300 ||class=right data-sort-value="1.4E-06"| 1.4×10⁻⁶ || Protactinium || Greek: ''protos'' (first, before) and ''actinium'' (product of radioactive decay of protactinium) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 92 || U ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-7d"| 3-7 || 238.029 || 19.1 || 1,183 || 1405 || 4404 ||class=in3| 2.7 || Uranium || Mythology: ''Uranus'', Greek god of the sky and heavens |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 93 || Np ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-7e"| 3-7 || 237 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="19.915"|∼19.915 || 1,277 || 917 || 4273 ||class=right data-sort-value="3.0E-12"| ≤ 3×10⁻¹² || Neptunium || Mythology: ''Neptune'', Roman god of freshwater and the sea |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 94 || Pu ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-7f"| 3-7 || 244 || 19.816 || 1,237 || 913 || 3505 ||class=right data-sort-value="3.0E-11"| ≤ 3×10⁻¹¹ || Plutonium || Mythology: ''Pluto'', Greco-Roman god of Hades (the underworld) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 95 || Am ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-7g"| 3-7 || 243 || 12 || 854.6 || 1449 || 2880 ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Americium || For ''Americas'', the continent where first synthesized |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 96 || Cm ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-7h"| 3-7 || 247 || 13.51 || 843.4 || 1613 || 3383 ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Curium || Person: Marie & Pierre Curie, physicist and chemist |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 97 || Bk ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-7i"| 3-7 || 247 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="14.02"|∼14.02 || 923.3 || 1259 || 2900 ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Berkelium || For Berkeley, California where first synthesized |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 98 || Cf ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-7j"| 3-7 || 251 || 15.1 || 942.7 || 1173 || 1743 ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Californium || For California where first synthesized |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 99 || Es ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-7k"| 3-7 || 252 ||class=in1| 8.84 || 551.9 || 1133 || 1269 ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Einsteinium || Person: Albert Einstein, physicist |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 100 || Fm ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-7l"| 3-7 || 257 ||data-sort-value="9.71"|∼9.71 || 610 || 1800 || – ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Fermium || Person: Enrico Fermi, physicist |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 101 || Md ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-7m"| 3-7 || 258 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="10.37"|∼10.37 || 643 || 1100 || – ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Mendelevium || Person: Dmitri Mendeleev, chemist and inventor |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 102 || No ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-7n"| 3-7 || 259 ||data-sort-value="9.94"|∼9.94 || 620 || 1100 || – ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Nobelium || Person: Alfred Nobel, chemist, engineer, inventor of dynamite |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 103 || Lr ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-7o"| 3-7 || 266 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="16.1"|∼16.1 || 1005 || 1900 || – ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Lawrencium || Person: Ernest O. Lawrence, physicist |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 104 || Rf ||class=in1 data-sort-value="04-7"| 4-7 || 267 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="23.2"|∼23.2 || 1,450 || 2400 || 5800 ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Rutherfordium || Person: Ernest Rutherford, chemist and physicist |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 105 || Db ||class=in1 data-sort-value="05-7"| 5-7 || 268 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="29.3"|∼29.3 || 1,830 || – || – ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Dubnium || For Dubna, Russia (home of JINR) where first synthesized |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 106 || Sg ||class=in1 data-sort-value="06-7"| 6-7 || 269 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="35.0"|∼35.0 || 2,180 || – || – ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Seaborgium || Person: Glenn T. Seaborg, scientist |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 107 || Bh ||class=in1 data-sort-value="07-7"| 7-7 || 270 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="37.1"|∼37.1 || 2,320 || – || – ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Bohrium || Person: Niels Bohr, physicist |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 108 || Hs ||class=in1 data-sort-value="08-7"| 8-7 || 277 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="40.7"|∼40.7 || 2,540 || – || – ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Hassium || For Hesse, Germany where first synthesized |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 109 || Mt ||class=in1 data-sort-value="09-7"| 9-7 || 278 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="37.4"|∼37.4 || 2,330 || – || – ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Meitnerium || Person: Lise Meitner, physicist |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 110 || Ds || 10-7 || 281 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="34.8"|∼34.8 || 2,170 || – || – ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Darmstadtium || For Darmstadt, Germany where first synthesized |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 111 || Rg || 11-7 || 282 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="28.7"|∼28.7 || 1,790 || – || – ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Roentgenium || Person: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, physicist |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 112 || Cn || 12-7 || 285 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="23.7"|∼23.7 || 1,480 || – ||class=in0 data-sort-value="357"|∼357 ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Copernicium || Person: Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 113 || Nh || 13-7 || 286 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="16"|∼16 || 999 || 700 || 1430 ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Nihonium || For ''Nihon'' (Japan) where first synthesized |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 114 || Fl || 14-7 || 289 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="14"|∼14 || 874 || – ||class=in0 data-sort-value="210"|∼210 ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Flerovium || For ''Flerov LNR'' (named for Georgy Flyorov), where first synthesized |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 115 || Mc || 15-7 || 290 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="13.5"|∼13.5 || 843 || 670 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="1400"|∼1400 ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Moscovium || For Moscow Oblast, Russia where first synthesized |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 116 || Lv || 16-7 || 293 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="12.9"|∼12.9 || 805 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="709"|∼709 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="1085"|∼1085 ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Livermorium || For ''Lawrence Livermore NL'' where first synthesized (with JINR) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 117 || Ts || 17-7 || 294 ||data-sort-value="7.2"|∼7.2 || 450 ||class=in0 data-sort-value="723"|∼723 || 883 ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Tennessine || For Tennessee, United States where first synthesized |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 118 || Og || 18-7 || 294 ||data-sort-value="5.0"|∼5.0 || 310 || – ||class=in0 data-sort-value="350"|∼350 ||class=center data-sort-value="0"| — || Oganesson || Person: Yuri Oganessian, physicist |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | {{wp|Unbihexium|126}} || Kt ||class=in1 data-sort-value="03-8f"| 3-8 || 316 ||class=center| — ||class=center| — || — || — ||class=center| — || {{wp|Kryptonite|Kryptonium}} || For ''Krypton'' (exoplanet) where first synthesized |
|} | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | : “Kryptonite is the common ore of the super-actinide kryptonium, an unusually stable trans-uranic element, whose atomic number is believed to be 126. Kryptonium’s half-life is thought to be approximately 250,000 years. Created from the fused elements of the planet Krypton, kryptonite is a substance that is unique in the known universe. No one has been able to duplicate the thermonuclear reaction that created kryptonite. Indeed, all attempts at synthesizing it have been unsuccessful.³⁵” | ||
| + | : ³⁵ ''Action Comics #599'' • Used to create Metallo.³⁶ ''Man of Steel #1'', ''Superman #1'' • Acquired by Lex Luthor.³⁷ ''Superman #238'' • Divided into small pieces.³⁸ ''Action Comics #654'' • Acquired by Batman and Bloodsport.³⁹ ''Superman #4'' • Acquired by Superman.⁴⁰ ''Superman #41'' • Slowly toxic to humans.⁴¹ ''Superman #19'' • Red k. is a magic fake.⁴² ''Superman #49–50'', ''Action Comics #659'', ''The Adventures of Superman #463, 472'', ''Starman #28''<ref>{{cite |last=Stern |first=Roger |date=1992 |work=Superman: the Man of Steel Sourcebook |publisher=Mayfair Games Inc. |sku=MFG-258 |isbn=0-923763-38-4 |pp=24–25,28}}</ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 01:44, 11 October 2018
| Dᴀ | = | 1 | ||||||
| %ᴍ₁ | + | %ᴍ₂ | + | %ᴍ₃ | + | ⋯ | ||
| Dᴍ₁ | Dᴍ₂ | Dᴍ₃ | ||||||
| Z | S | G-P | u | g cm³ |
lb ft³ |
Melt (K) |
Boil (K) |
mg kg |
Element | Origin of name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 1-1 | 1.008 | 0.000 | .0056 | 14 | 20 | 1,400 | Hydrogen | Greek: hydro- and -gen (water-forming) |
| 2 | He | 18-1 | 4.003 | 0.000 | .0111 | 1 | 4 | 0.008 | Helium | Mythology: Helios, Greek god and personification of the Sun |
| 3 | Li | 1-2 | 6.939 | 0.534 | 33.34 | 454 | 1603 | 20 | Lithium | Greek: lithos (stone) |
| 4 | Be | 2-2 | 9.012 | 1.85 | 115.5 | 1560 | 2742 | 2.8 | Beryllium | After beryllus (mineral beryllium aluminium cyclosilicate) |
| 5 | B | 13-2 | 10.81 | 2.08 | 146.1 | 2349 | 4200 | 10 | Boron | After borax (mineral sodium borate) |
| 6 | C | 14-2 | 12.011 | 2.267 | 141.5 | 3915 | 3915 | 200 | Carbon (graphite) | Latin: carbo (coal) |
| 6 | C | 14-2 | 12.011 | 3.515 | 219.4 | 4093 | 5373 | 200 | Carbon (diamond) | Latin: carbo (coal) |
| 7 | N | 15-2 | 14.007 | 0.001 | .0781 | 63 | 77 | 19 | Nitrogen | Greek: nitron and -gen (niter-forming) |
| 8 | O | 16-2 | 15.999 | 0.001 | .0892 | 54 | 90 | 461,000 | Oxygen | Greek: oxy- and -gen (acid-forming) |
| 9 | F | 17-2 | 18.998 | 0.002 | .1059 | 53 | 85 | 585 | Fluorine | Latin: fluere (to flow) |
| 10 | Ne | 18-2 | 20.18 | 0.001 | .0562 | 25 | 27 | 0.005 | Neon | Greek: neos (new) |
| — | H₂O | — | 18.015 | 1 | 62.43 | 273 | 373 | ∼50×10⁶ | Water | — |
| 11 | Na | 1-3 | 22.99 | 0.968 | 60.62 | 371 | 1156 | 23,600 | Sodium | Latin: natrium (soda) |
| 12 | Mg | 2-3 | 24.305 | 1.738 | 108.5 | 923 | 1363 | 23,300 | Magnesium | After magnesia or magnesia alba (mineral magnesium oxide) |
| 13 | Al | 13-3 | 26.982 | 2.698 | 168.4 | 933 | 2743 | 82,300 | Aluminium | After alumina (mineral aluminium oxide) |
| 14 | Si | 14-3 | 28.085 | 2.329 | 145.4 | 1687 | 3538 | 282,000 | Silicon | After silica (mineral silicon dioxide) |
| 15 | P | 15-3 | 30.974 | 1.823 | 113.6 | 317 | 553 | 1,050 | Phosphorus (white) | Mythology: Phosphorus (morning star), Greek god of dawn (morning appearance of Venus) |
| 16 | S | 16-3 | 32.06 | 2.067 | 129.0 | 388 | 718 | 350 | Sulfur (alpha) | Latin: sulphur (fire and brimstone) |
| 17 | Cl | 17-3 | 35.45 | 0.003 | .2006 | 172 | 239 | 145 | Chlorine | Greek: chloros (greenish yellow) |
| 18 | Ar | 18-3 | 39.948 | 0.002 | .1114 | 84 | 87 | 3.5 | Argon | Greek: argos (idle) |
| 19 | K | 1-4 | 39.098 | 0.862 | 53.81 | 337 | 1032 | 20,900 | Potassium | Latin: kalium" (alkali in potash) and potassium (from potash) |
| 20 | Ca | 2-4 | 40.078 | 1.55 | 96.14 | 1115 | 1757 | 41,500 | Calcium | Latin: calx (lime) |
| 21 | Sc | 3-4 | 44.956 | 2.985 | 186.6 | 1814 | 3109 | 22 | Scandium | For Scandia (Scandinavia in Latin) where first identified |
| 22 | Ti | 4-4 | 47.867 | 4.506 | 283.4 | 1941 | 3560 | 5,650 | Titanium | Mythology: Titans, the sons of Gaia, the Earth goddess |
| 23 | V | 5-4 | 50.942 | 6.0 | 381.4 | 2183 | 3680 | 120 | Vanadium | Mythology: Freyja (Lady) Vanadis, the Vanir (Norse group of gods) dis (goddess of fate) |
| 24 | Cr | 6-4 | 51.996 | 7.19 | 446.4 | 2180 | 2944 | 102 | Chromium | Greek: chroma (colour) |
| 25 | Mn | 7-4 | 54.938 | 7.21 | 464.5 | 1519 | 2334 | 950 | Manganese | After magnes or magnesia negra (mineral pyrolusite) |
| 26 | Fe | 8-4 | 55.845 | 7.875 | 491.6 | 1811 | 3134 | 56,300 | Iron (α-) | Latin: ferrum |
| 27 | Co | 9-4 | 58.933 | 8.90 | 553.1 | 1768 | 3200 | 25 | Cobalt | After cobold (a mischievous sprite from German miner folklore) |
| 28 | Ni | 10-4 | 58.693 | 8.912 | 556.4 | 1728 | 3003 | 84 | Nickel | After nickel (a mischievous sprite from German miner folklore) |
| 29 | Cu | 11-4 | 63.546 | 8.933 | 559.4 | 1358 | 2835 | 60 | Copper | Latin: cuprum |
| 30 | Zn | 12-4 | 65.382 | 7.134 | 445.4 | 693 | 1180 | 70 | Zinc | German: zinke (prong, tooth) |
| 31 | Ga | 13-4 | 69.723 | 5.907 | 368.8 | 303 | 2673 | 19 | Gallium | For Gallia (France in Latin) where first identified |
| 32 | Ge | 14-4 | 72.631 | 5.323 | 332.3 | 1211 | 3106 | 1.5 | Germanium | For Germania (Germany in Latin) where first identified |
| 33 | As | 15-4 | 74.922 | 5.727 | 360.6 | 887 | 887 | 1.8 | Arsenic | Latin: arsenicum |
| 34 | Se | 16-4 | 78.972 | 4.809 | 300.2 | 494 | 958 | 0.05 | Selenium (gray) | Mythology: Selene, Greek goddess of the moon |
| 35 | Br | 17-4 | 79.904 | 3.103 | 194.9 | 266 | 332 | 2.4 | Bromine | Greek: bromos (stench) |
| 36 | Kr | 18-4 | 83.798 | 0.004 | .2330 | 116 | 120 | 1×10⁻⁴ | Krypton | Greek: kryptos (hidden) |
| 37 | Rb | 1-5 | 85.468 | 1.532 | 95.64 | 312 | 961 | 90 | Rubidium | Latin: rubidus (deep red) |
| 38 | Sr | 2-5 | 87.621 | 2.64 | 164.8 | 1050 | 1650 | 370 | Strontium | For Strontian, Scotland where first identified |
| 39 | Y | 3-5 | 88.906 | 4.472 | 279.0 | 1799 | 3203 | 33 | Yttrium | For Ytterby, Sweden where first identified |
| 40 | Zr | 4-5 | 91.224 | 6.52 | 406.2 | 2128 | 4650 | 165 | Zirconium | After zircon (mineral jargoon, hyacinth, jacinth, ligure, etc.) |
| 41 | Nb | 5-5 | 92.906 | 8.57 | 535.0 | 2750 | 5017 | 20 | Niobium | Mythology: Niobe, daughter of King Tantalus of Tantalis (see Tantalum) |
| 42 | Mo | 6-5 | 95.951 | 10.28 | 638.0 | 2896 | 4912 | 1.2 | Molybdenum | Greek: molybdos (lead) |
| 43 | Tc | 7-5 | 98 | 11 | 717.9 | 2430 | 4538 | ∼ 3×10⁻⁹ | Technetium | Greek: tekhnètos (artificial) |
| 44 | Ru | 8-5 | 101.072 | 12.45 | 772.2 | 2607 | 4423 | 0.001 | Ruthenium | For Ruthenia (Russia in Latin) where first identified |
| 45 | Rh | 9-5 | 102.906 | 12.41 | 774.7 | 2237 | 3968 | 0.001 | Rhodium | Greek: rhodos, (rose-coloured) |
| 46 | Pd | 10-5 | 106.421 | 12.023 | 750.4 | 1828 | 3236 | 0.015 | Palladium | Mythology: Pallas Athena, Greek goddess of wisdom, craft, and warfare |
| 47 | Ag | 11-5 | 107.868 | 10.501 | 655.6 | 1235 | 2435 | 0.075 | Silver | Latin: argentum |
| 48 | Cd | 12-5 | 112.414 | 8.65 | 542.5 | 594 | 1040 | 0.159 | Cadmium | Mythology: Cadmus, first King of Thebes (Greek city-state) |
| 49 | In | 13-5 | 114.818 | 7.31 | 456.3 | 430 | 2345 | 0.25 | Indium | Latin: indicum (of India), for the source of indigo dye |
| 50 | Sn | 14-5 | 118.711 | 7.287 | 454.9 | 505 | 2875 | 2.3 | Tin (white, β-) | Latin: stannum |
| 51 | Sb | 15-5 | 121.760 | 6.697 | 417.3 | 904 | 1908 | 0.2 | Antimony | Greek: anti- (against) and monos (alone) |
| 52 | Te | 16-5 | 127.603 | 6.24 | 389.1 | 723 | 1261 | 0.001 | Tellurium | Latin: tellus (earth) |
| 53 | I | 17-5 | 126.904 | 4.933 | 307.8 | 387 | 457 | 0.45 | Iodine | Greek: iodes (violet-coloured) |
| 54 | Xe | 18-5 | 131.294 | 0.006 | .3675 | 161 | 165 | 3×10⁻⁵ | Xenon | Greek: xenos (strange) |
| 55 | Cs | 1-6 | 132.905 | ∼1.88 | 116.9 | 302 | 944 | 3 | Caesium | Latin: caesius (sky blue) |
| 56 | Ba | 2-6 | 137.328 | 3.51 | 224.4 | 1000 | 2118 | 425 | Barium | Greek: barys (heavy) |
| 57 | La | 3-6 | 138.905 | 6.162 | 383.6 | 1193 | 3737 | 39 | Lanthanum | Greek: lanthanein (to lie hidden) |
| 58 | Ce | 3-6 | 140.116 | 6.770 | 422.6 | 1068 | 3716 | 66.5 | Cerium | Mythology: Ceres, Roman goddess of agriculture |
| 59 | Pr | 3-6 | 140.908 | 6.773 | 422.8 | 1208 | 3403 | 9.2 | Praseodymium | Greek: praseios didymos (green twin) |
| 60 | Nd | 3-6 | 144.242 | 7.007 | 437.4 | 1297 | 3347 | 41.5 | Neodymium | Greek: neos didymos (new twin) |
| 61 | Pm | 3-6 | 145 | 7.26 | 453.2 | 1315 | 3273 | 2×10⁻¹⁹ | Promethium | Mythology: Prometheus, who stole fire from the Gods for humanity |
| 62 | Sm | 3-6 | 150.362 | 7.52 | 469.5 | 1345 | 2173 | 7.05 | Samarium | After samarskite (mineral named for Vassili Samarsky-Bykhovets) |
| 63 | Eu | 3-6 | 151.964 | 5.264 | 327.3 | 1099 | 1802 | 2 | Europium | For Europe, the continent where first identified |
| 64 | Gd | 3-6 | 157.253 | 7.895 | 492.9 | 1585 | 3273 | 6.2 | Gadolinium | Person: Johan Gadolin, chemist, physicist and mineralogist |
| 65 | Tb | 3-6 | 158.925 | 8.229 | 513.7 | 1629 | 3396 | 1.2 | Terbium | For Ytterby, Sweden where first identified |
| 66 | Dy | 3-6 | 162.500 | 8.540 | 533.8 | 1680 | 2840 | 5.2 | Dysprosium | Greek: dysprositos (hard to get) |
| 67 | Ho | 3-6 | 164.930 | 8.795 | 549.1 | 1734 | 2873 | 1.3 | Holmium | For Holmia (Stockholm in Latin) where first identified |
| 68 | Er | 3-6 | 167.259 | 9.066 | 566.0 | 1802 | 3141 | 3.5 | Erbium | For Ytterby, Sweden where first identified |
| 69 | Tm | 3-6 | 168.934 | 9.321 | 581.9 | 1818 | 2223 | 0.52 | Thulium | For Thule (Scandinavia in Ancient Greek) where first identified |
| 70 | Yb | 3-6 | 173.045 | 6.90 | 434.8 | 1097 | 1469 | 3.2 | Ytterbium | For Ytterby, Sweden where first identified |
| 71 | Lu | 3-6 | 174.967 | 9.841 | 614.3 | 1925 | 3675 | 0.8 | Lutetium | For Lutetia (Paris in Latin) where first identified |
| 72 | Hf | 4-6 | 178.492 | 13.31 | 830.9 | 2506 | 4876 | 3 | Hafnium | For Hafnia (Copenhagen in Latin) where first identified |
| 73 | Ta | 5-6 | 180.948 | 16.69 | 1,040 | 3290 | 5731 | 2 | Tantalum | Mythology: Tantalus, first King of Tantalis (Greek city-state in present-day Turky) |
| 74 | W | 6-6 | 183.841 | 19.25 | 1,202 | 3695 | 6203 | 1.3 | Tungsten | Swedish tung sten (heavy stone), W is wolfram, the old name of the tungsten mineral wolframite) |
| 75 | Re | 7-6 | 186.207 | 21.02 | 1,312 | 3459 | 5903 | 7×10⁻⁴ | Rhenium | For Rhenus (Rhine river in Latin) where first identified |
| 76 | Os | 8-6 | 190.233 | 22.59 | 1,411 | 3306 | 5285 | 0.002 | Osmium | Greek: osmè (smell) |
| 77 | Ir | 9-6 | 192.217 | 22.56 | 1,408 | 2719 | 4403 | 0.001 | Iridium | Mythology: Iris, Greek goddess of the rainbow |
| 78 | Pt | 10-6 | 195.085 | 21.460 | 1,340 | 2041 | 4098 | 0.005 | Platinum | Spanish platina (little silver) |
| 79 | Au | 11-6 | 196.967 | 19.282 | 1,204 | 1337 | 3243 | 0.004 | Gold | Latin: aurum |
| 80 | Hg | 12-6 | 200.592 | 13.5336 | 844.9 | 234 | 630 | 0.085 | Mercury | Mythology: Mercury, Roman god of mobility • Hg from hydr- (water) and argyros (silver) |
| 81 | Tl | 13-6 | 204.38 | 11.85 | 739.8 | 577 | 1746 | 0.85 | Thallium | Greek: thallos (green twig) |
| 82 | Pb | 14-6 | 207.21 | 11.342 | 708.1 | 601 | 2022 | 14 | Lead | Latin: plumbum |
| 83 | Bi | 15-6 | 208.980 | 9.78 | 612.2 | 545 | 1837 | 0.009 | Bismuth | Uncertain: possibly Arabic or German |
| 84 | Po | 16-6 | 209 | ∼9.297 | 581.8 | 527 | 1235 | 2×10⁻¹⁰ | Polonium | For Polonia (Poland), homeland of Marie Curie, who also discovered Radium |
| 85 | At | 17-6 | 210 | ∼6.35 | 437.0 | 575 | 610 | 3×10⁻²⁰ | Astatine | Greek: astatos (unstable) |
| 86 | Rn | 18-6 | 222 | 0.010 | .6074 | 202 | 211 | 4×10⁻¹³ | Radon | Latin: exradio (from radium), first identified as radioactive decay of radium |
| 87 | Fr | 1-7 | 223 | ∼2.9 | 116.7 | 300 | 950 | ∼ 1×10⁻¹⁸ | Francium | For Francia (France in Latin) where first identified |
| 88 | Ra | 2-7 | 226 | 5.5 | 343.4 | 973 | 2010 | 9×10⁻⁷ | Radium | Latin: radius (ray) |
| 89 | Ac | 3-7 | 227 | 10.07 | 628.6 | 1500 | 3500 | 5.5×10⁻¹⁰ | Actinium | Greek: aktis (ray) |
| 90 | Th | 3-7 | 232.038 | 11.72 | 731.7 | 2023 | 5061 | 9.6 | Thorium | Mythology: Thor, Scandinavian god of thunder, lightning and strength |
| 91 | Pa | 3-7 | 231.036 | 15.37 | 959.5 | 1841 | 4300 | 1.4×10⁻⁶ | Protactinium | Greek: protos (first, before) and actinium (product of radioactive decay of protactinium) |
| 92 | U | 3-7 | 238.029 | 19.1 | 1,183 | 1405 | 4404 | 2.7 | Uranium | Mythology: Uranus, Greek god of the sky and heavens |
| 93 | Np | 3-7 | 237 | ∼19.915 | 1,277 | 917 | 4273 | ≤ 3×10⁻¹² | Neptunium | Mythology: Neptune, Roman god of freshwater and the sea |
| 94 | Pu | 3-7 | 244 | 19.816 | 1,237 | 913 | 3505 | ≤ 3×10⁻¹¹ | Plutonium | Mythology: Pluto, Greco-Roman god of Hades (the underworld) |
| 95 | Am | 3-7 | 243 | 12 | 854.6 | 1449 | 2880 | — | Americium | For Americas, the continent where first synthesized |
| 96 | Cm | 3-7 | 247 | 13.51 | 843.4 | 1613 | 3383 | — | Curium | Person: Marie & Pierre Curie, physicist and chemist |
| 97 | Bk | 3-7 | 247 | ∼14.02 | 923.3 | 1259 | 2900 | — | Berkelium | For Berkeley, California where first synthesized |
| 98 | Cf | 3-7 | 251 | 15.1 | 942.7 | 1173 | 1743 | — | Californium | For California where first synthesized |
| 99 | Es | 3-7 | 252 | 8.84 | 551.9 | 1133 | 1269 | — | Einsteinium | Person: Albert Einstein, physicist |
| 100 | Fm | 3-7 | 257 | ∼9.71 | 610 | 1800 | – | — | Fermium | Person: Enrico Fermi, physicist |
| 101 | Md | 3-7 | 258 | ∼10.37 | 643 | 1100 | – | — | Mendelevium | Person: Dmitri Mendeleev, chemist and inventor |
| 102 | No | 3-7 | 259 | ∼9.94 | 620 | 1100 | – | — | Nobelium | Person: Alfred Nobel, chemist, engineer, inventor of dynamite |
| 103 | Lr | 3-7 | 266 | ∼16.1 | 1005 | 1900 | – | — | Lawrencium | Person: Ernest O. Lawrence, physicist |
| 104 | Rf | 4-7 | 267 | ∼23.2 | 1,450 | 2400 | 5800 | — | Rutherfordium | Person: Ernest Rutherford, chemist and physicist |
| 105 | Db | 5-7 | 268 | ∼29.3 | 1,830 | – | – | — | Dubnium | For Dubna, Russia (home of JINR) where first synthesized |
| 106 | Sg | 6-7 | 269 | ∼35.0 | 2,180 | – | – | — | Seaborgium | Person: Glenn T. Seaborg, scientist |
| 107 | Bh | 7-7 | 270 | ∼37.1 | 2,320 | – | – | — | Bohrium | Person: Niels Bohr, physicist |
| 108 | Hs | 8-7 | 277 | ∼40.7 | 2,540 | – | – | — | Hassium | For Hesse, Germany where first synthesized |
| 109 | Mt | 9-7 | 278 | ∼37.4 | 2,330 | – | – | — | Meitnerium | Person: Lise Meitner, physicist |
| 110 | Ds | 10-7 | 281 | ∼34.8 | 2,170 | – | – | — | Darmstadtium | For Darmstadt, Germany where first synthesized |
| 111 | Rg | 11-7 | 282 | ∼28.7 | 1,790 | – | – | — | Roentgenium | Person: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, physicist |
| 112 | Cn | 12-7 | 285 | ∼23.7 | 1,480 | – | ∼357 | — | Copernicium | Person: Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer |
| 113 | Nh | 13-7 | 286 | ∼16 | 999 | 700 | 1430 | — | Nihonium | For Nihon (Japan) where first synthesized |
| 114 | Fl | 14-7 | 289 | ∼14 | 874 | – | ∼210 | — | Flerovium | For Flerov LNR (named for Georgy Flyorov), where first synthesized |
| 115 | Mc | 15-7 | 290 | ∼13.5 | 843 | 670 | ∼1400 | — | Moscovium | For Moscow Oblast, Russia where first synthesized |
| 116 | Lv | 16-7 | 293 | ∼12.9 | 805 | ∼709 | ∼1085 | — | Livermorium | For Lawrence Livermore NL where first synthesized (with JINR) |
| 117 | Ts | 17-7 | 294 | ∼7.2 | 450 | ∼723 | 883 | — | Tennessine | For Tennessee, United States where first synthesized |
| 118 | Og | 18-7 | 294 | ∼5.0 | 310 | – | ∼350 | — | Oganesson | Person: Yuri Oganessian, physicist |
| 126 | Kt | 3-8 | 316 | — | — | — | — | — | Kryptonium | For Krypton (exoplanet) where first synthesized |
- “Kryptonite is the common ore of the super-actinide kryptonium, an unusually stable trans-uranic element, whose atomic number is believed to be 126. Kryptonium’s half-life is thought to be approximately 250,000 years. Created from the fused elements of the planet Krypton, kryptonite is a substance that is unique in the known universe. No one has been able to duplicate the thermonuclear reaction that created kryptonite. Indeed, all attempts at synthesizing it have been unsuccessful.³⁵”
- ³⁵ Action Comics #599 • Used to create Metallo.³⁶ Man of Steel #1, Superman #1 • Acquired by Lex Luthor.³⁷ Superman #238 • Divided into small pieces.³⁸ Action Comics #654 • Acquired by Batman and Bloodsport.³⁹ Superman #4 • Acquired by Superman.⁴⁰ Superman #41 • Slowly toxic to humans.⁴¹ Superman #19 • Red k. is a magic fake.⁴² Superman #49–50, Action Comics #659, The Adventures of Superman #463, 472, Starman #28[1]
- ↑ Stern, Roger (1992) Superman: the Man of Steel Sourcebook, pp. 24–25,28. Mayfair Games Inc.. ISBN 0-923763-38-4.