Difference between revisions of "Scale"

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 +
<pre>
 +
Stature [eye height]
 +
ft-in 6′ ≈5′11″ 5′10″
 +
㎜ 1828.8 1800 1778   Basis  Notes
 +
1∶32  57 [54] 56 [53] 56 [53] ³⁄₈″ ≡ 1′ auto (slot cars, etc.) “standard size”
 +
1∶35  52 [50] 51 [49] 51 [48]     —    military (Tamiya, etc.)
 +
1∶36  51 [48] 50 [48] 49 [47]   1″ ≡ 3′ GURPS
 +
1∶38.1 48 [46] 47 [45] 47 [44]   8㎜ ≡ 1′ Lego® Minifigure
 +
1∶43  43 [40] 42 [40] 41 [39]     —    {{abbr|auto (die-cast)|rounded from 1∶43.5}}
 +
1∶43.5 42 [40] 41 [39] 41 [39]   7㎜ ≡ 1′ 0 scale (UK)
 +
1∶45  41 [39] 40 [38] 40 [38]     —    0 scale (EU)
 +
1∶48  38 [36] 38 [36] 37 [35]   1″ ≡ 4′ O scale (US)
 +
1∶50  37 [35] 36 [34] 36 [34]     —    die-cast trucks
 +
1∶55  33 [32] 33 [31] 32 [31]     —    auto (Disney, etc.)
 +
1∶60  30 [29] 30 [29] 30 [28]   1″ ≡ 5′ d20, 30㎜
 +
1∶64  29 [27] 28 [27] 28 [26] ³⁄₁₆″ ≡ 1′ S scale, matchbox (nominal)
 +
1∶72  25 [24] 25 [24] 25 [23]   1″ ≡ 6′ —
 +
1∶87.1 21 [20] 21 [20] 20 [19] 3.5㎜ ≡ 1′ {{abbr|H0|Half zero}} scale
 +
1∶90  20 [19] 20 [19] 20 [19]     —    —
 +
1∶285  6.4 [6.1] 6.3 [6.0] 6.2 [5.9]     —    US Army (¹⁄₄″ ≈ 5′11″, 6㎜ ≈ 5′7″)
 +
1∶288  6.4 [6.0] 6.3 [5.9] 6.2 [5.9] ¹⁄₄″ ≡ 6′
 +
1∶300  6.1 [5.8] 6.0 [5.7] 5.9 [5.6]     —    NATO (6㎜ = 1.8m)
 +
1∶304.8 6.0 [5.7] 5.9 [5.6] 5.8 [5.5]   6㎜ ≡ 6′
 +
</pre>
 +
{| class="sortable zebra wikitable"
 +
!Scale !!Name !!Gauge !!Std. !!1′ !!Notes
 +
|-
 +
|1∶220 ||Z ||data-sort-value="6.5"|6.5 ㎜ ||Int. ||data-sort-value="1.385"|{{frac|3|55}}″ ||
 +
|-
 +
|1∶160 ||N ||data-sort-value="9"|9 ㎜ ||Int. ||data-sort-value="1.905"|{{frac|3|40}}″ ||
 +
|-
 +
|1∶148 ||N† ||data-sort-value="9"|9 ㎜ ||UK ||data-sort-value="2.059"|{{frac|3|37}}″ ||
 +
|-
 +
|1∶144 ||() ||data-sort-value="9"|9 ㎜ ||— ||data-sort-value="2.117"|{{frac|1|12}}″ ||
 +
|-
 +
|1∶120 ||TT ||data-sort-value="12"|12 ㎜ ||Int. ||data-sort-value="2.540"|{{frac|1|10}}″ ||
 +
|-
 +
|1∶90 ||() ||data-sort-value="16"|— ||— ||data-sort-value="3.387"|{{frac|2|15}}″ ||1∶45 ×½
 +
|-
 +
|{{abbr|1∶87|1∶87.085714}} ||HO ||data-sort-value="16"|16.5 ㎜ ||Int. ||data-sort-value="3.500"|3.5 ㎜ ||“half 0”
 +
|-
 +
|1∶76.2 ||00† ||data-sort-value="16"|16.5 ㎜ ||UK ||data-sort-value="4.000"|4 ㎜ ||
 +
|-
 +
|1∶64 ||S ||data-sort-value="22"|22.4 ㎜ ||Int. ||data-sort-value="4.763"|{{frac|3|16}}″ ||1∶32 ×½
 +
|-
 +
|1∶60 ||() ||data-sort-value="22"|— ||— ||data-sort-value="5.080"|{{frac|1|5}}″ ||d20
 +
|-
 +
|1∶55 ||() ||data-sort-value="22"|— ||— ||data-sort-value="5.542"|{{frac|12|55}}″ ||
 +
|-
 +
|1∶50 ||() ||data-sort-value="32"|— ||— ||data-sort-value="6.096"|{{frac|6|25}}″ ||1 m = 2 ㎝
 +
|-
 +
|1∶48 ||O ||data-sort-value="32"|1¼″ ||NMRA ||data-sort-value="6.350"|{{frac|1|4}}″ ||{{frac|1|1|4}}″ figures
 +
|-
 +
|1∶45 ||0 ||data-sort-value="32"|32 ㎜ ||MOROP ||data-sort-value="6.773"|{{frac|4|15}}″ ||{{abbr|mean|Geometric mean of:&lt;br&gt;• 1∶45.2 ≈ 1¼″ ÷ 4′ 8½″ (imperial)&lt;br&gt;• 1∶44.84 ≈ 32㎜ ÷ 1435㎜ (metric)}}
 +
|-
 +
|{{abbr|1∶43.5|1∶43.542857}} ||0 ||data-sort-value="32"|32 ㎜ ||UK ||data-sort-value="7.000"|7 ㎜ ||“0” &lt; №I
 +
|-
 +
|1∶43 ||() ||data-sort-value="32"|— ||— ||data-sort-value="7.088"|≈7.1 ㎜ ||{{frac|1|2|3}}″ figures
 +
|-
 +
|{{abbr|1∶38.1|2=1′ = 1 stud pitch (8 ㎜)}} ||L† ||data-sort-value="38"|37.7 ㎜ ||— ||data-sort-value="8.000"|8 ㎜ ||[http://l-gauge.org L-gauge]
 +
|-
 +
|1∶36 ||() ||data-sort-value="40"|— ||— ||data-sort-value="8.467"|{{frac|1|3}}″ ||GURPS
 +
|-
 +
|1∶32 ||№I/#1 ||data-sort-value="45"|32 ㎜ ||Int. ||data-sort-value="9.525"|{{frac|3|8}}″ ||aka “standard size”
 +
|-
 +
|1∶24 ||½″ ||data-sort-value="60"|— ||— ||data-sort-value="12.70"|{{frac|1|2}}″ ||3″ figures
 +
|-
 +
|1∶22.5 ||№II ||data-sort-value="64"|64 ㎜ ||MOROP ||data-sort-value="13.55"|{{frac|8|15}}″ ||1∶45 ×2
 +
|-
 +
|1∶20.32 ||F ||data-sort-value="71"|71 ㎜ ||NMRA ||data-sort-value="15.00"|15 ㎜ ||
 +
|-
 +
|1∶18 ||() ||data-sort-value="80"|— ||— ||data-sort-value="16.93"|{{frac|2|3}}″ ||4″ figures
 +
|-
 +
|1∶16 ||№III ||data-sort-value="89"|89 ㎜ ||MOROP ||data-sort-value="19.05"|{{frac|3|4}}″ ||1∶48 ×3
 +
|-
 +
|1∶12 ||1″ ||data-sort-value="121"|121 ㎜ ||NMRA ||data-sort-value="25.40"|1″ ||6″ figures
 +
|-
 +
|1∶11 ||№V ||data-sort-value="127"|127 ㎜ ||MOROP ||data-sort-value="27.71"|{{frac|1|1|11}}″ ||1∶55 ×5
 +
|-
 +
|1∶8 ||№VII ||data-sort-value="184"|184 ㎜ ||MOROP ||data-sort-value="38.10"|{{frac|1|1|2}}″ ||1∶55 ×7
 +
|-
 +
|1∶5.5 ||№X ||data-sort-value="260"|260 ㎜ ||MOROP ||data-sort-value="55.42"|{{frac|2|2|11}}″ ||1∶55 ×10
 +
|}
 +
 +
* MOROP [http://www.morop.org/downloads/nem/fr/nem010_f.pdf Reduction ratios, scales, spacings] (2011)
 +
* NMRA [https://www.nmra.org/beginner/scales Scales & Gauge] (2014-12-02)
 +
* NMRA [https://www.nmra.org/sites/default/files/standards/sandrp/pdf/S-1.2%202009.07.pdf Standards for Scale Models] (2009 July)
 +
 
==Human height==
 
==Human height==
 
: From ''Preliminary Human Factors Guidelines for Traffic Management Centers'' (July 1999) {{abbr|FHWA|Federal Highway Administration}}, U.S. {{abbr|DoT|Department of Transportation}}
 
: From ''Preliminary Human Factors Guidelines for Traffic Management Centers'' (July 1999) {{abbr|FHWA|Federal Highway Administration}}, U.S. {{abbr|DoT|Department of Transportation}}
Line 21: Line 109:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Stature
 
| Stature
−
| {{frac|5′ 3|5|8}}″<br>162&#8239;㎝
+
| 5′ {{frac|3|5|8}}″<br>161.5&#8239;㎝
−
| {{frac|5′ 8|1|4}}″<br>173&#8239;㎝
+
| 5′ {{frac|8|1|4}}″<br>173.5&#8239;㎝
−
| {{frac|6′  |3|4}}″<br>185&#8239;㎝
+
| 6′ {{frac||3|4}}″<br>185&#8239;㎝
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Eye height
 
| Eye height
−
| {{frac|5′  |3|4}}″<br>154&#8239;㎝
+
| 5′ {{frac||3|4}}″<br>154.5&#8239;㎝
−
| {{frac|5′ 4|3|4}}″<br>164&#8239;㎝
+
| 5′ {{frac|4|3|4}}″<br>164.5&#8239;㎝
−
| {{frac|5′ 8|5|8}}″<br>174&#8239;㎝
+
| 5′ {{frac|8|5|8}}″<br>174&#8239;㎝
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Sitting height
 
| Sitting height
−
| {{frac|2′ 9|1|4}}″<br>84&#8239;㎝
+
| 2′ {{frac|9|1|4}}″<br>84.5&#8239;㎝
−
| {{frac|2′ 11|3|4}}″<br>90&#8239;㎝
+
| 2′ {{frac|11|3|4}}″<br>90.5&#8239;㎝
−
| 3′ 2″<br>96&#8239;㎝
+
| 3′ 2″<br>96.5&#8239;㎝
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{abbr|Body width|Including arms&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Combined USAF personnel & college students)&lt;/small&gt;}}
 
| {{abbr|Body width|Including arms&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Combined USAF personnel & college students)&lt;/small&gt;}}
−
| {{frac|1′ 6|3|4}}″<br>48&#8239;㎝
+
| 1′ {{frac|6|3|4}}″<br>48&#8239;㎝
−
| {{frac|1′ 8|7|8}}″<br>53&#8239;㎝
+
| 1′ {{frac|8|7|8}}″<br>53&#8239;㎝
−
| {{frac|1′ 10|3|4}}″<br>57&#8239;㎝
+
| 1′ {{frac|10|3|4}}″<br>58&#8239;㎝
 
|}
 
|}
 
|
 
|
Line 47: Line 135:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Stature
 
| Stature
−
| {{frac |4′ 11″<br>150&#8239;㎝
+
| 4′ 11″<br>150&#8239;㎝
−
| {{frac|5′ 2|7|8}}″<br>160&#8239;㎝
+
| 5′ {{frac|2|7|8}}″<br>160&#8239;㎝
−
| {{frac|5′ 7|1|8}}″<br>170&#8239;㎝
+
| 5′ {{frac|7|1|8}}″<br>170.5&#8239;㎝
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Eye height
 
| Eye height
−
| {{frac|4′ 9|1|4}}″<br>146&#8239;㎝
+
| 4′ {{frac|9|1|4}}″<br>145.5&#8239;㎝
−
| {{frac|5′  |1|4}}″<br>153&#8239;㎝
+
| 5′ {{frac||1|4}}″<br>153&#8239;㎝
−
| {{frac|5′ 5|1|4}}″<br>166&#8239;㎝
+
| 5′ {{frac|5|1|4}}″<br>166&#8239;㎝
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Sitting height
 
| Sitting height
−
| {{frac|2′ 6|7|8}}″<br>78&#8239;㎝
+
| 2′ {{frac|6|7|8}}″<br>78.5&#8239;㎝
−
| {{frac|2′ 9|3|8}}″<br>84&#8239;㎝
+
| 2′ {{frac|9|3|8}}″<br>85&#8239;㎝
−
| {{frac|2′ 11|3|4}}″<br>90&#8239;㎝
+
| 2′ {{frac|11|3|4}}″<br>90.5&#8239;㎝
 
|}
 
|}
 
|}
 
|}
−
:When people stand normally (i.e., with some slump), eye height lowers &sim;1.6″ (4.1&#8239;㎝) for males and &sim;1.2″ (3.0&#8239;㎝) for females.
+
:When standing normally (i.e., with some slump), eye height lowers &sim;1.6″ (4&#8239;㎝) for males and &sim;1.2″ (3&#8239;㎝) for females.
−
:Extrapolating from the data, male/female eye height is ∼95%/∼97% of stature, and body width is ∼30% of stature.
+
:Extrapolating, eye height is ∼95% of stature, and body width is ∼30% of stature.
  
 
===6mm===
 
===6mm===
Line 69: Line 157:
 
| 6 ㎜  ||∶ 171 ㎝      ||≡ 1 ∶ 285
 
| 6 ㎜  ||∶ 171 ㎝      ||≡ 1 ∶ 285
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 6 ㎜  ||∶ {{frac|67|1|2|″}} ||≡ 1 ∶ {{frac|285|3|4}}
+
| 6 ㎜  ||∶ {{frac|67|1|2}}″ ||≡ 1 ∶ {{frac|285|3|4}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 6 ㎜  ||∶ 172 ㎝      ||≡ 1 ∶ {{frac|286|2|3}}
 
| 6 ㎜  ||∶ 172 ㎝      ||≡ 1 ∶ {{frac|286|2|3}}
Line 81: Line 169:
 
| 6 ㎜  ||∶ 6′              ||≡ 1 ∶ 304.8
 
| 6 ㎜  ||∶ 6′              ||≡ 1 ∶ 304.8
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
== list ==
 +
<pre>
 +
Scale 1′ (mm) Basis
 +
1∶87 3.5  3.5mm = 1′ (H0 scale)
 +
1∶76.2 4 4mm = 1′ (UK OO guage)
 +
1∶73 4.167 25mm = 6′
 +
1∶72– 4.233 1″ = 6′ (model aircraft)
 +
1∶71 4.291 25mm stature
 +
1∶67 4.574 25mm eye height
 +
1∶65.3 4.667 28mm = 6′
 +
1∶64– 4.763 S-scale (nominal “matchbox”)
 +
1∶63 4.805 28mm stature
 +
1∶60.1 5 5mm = 1′ (UK OO guage)
 +
1∶60– 5.08 d20 ground scale (1″ = 5′)
 +
1∶60 5.123 28mm eye height
 +
1∶57.2 5.333 32mm = 6′
 +
1∶56 5.492 32mm stature
 +
1∶52 5.855 32mm eye height
 +
1∶50– 6.096 2cm = 1m (Euro dicast scale)
 +
1∶48– 6.35 ¼″ = 1′ (US O guage)
 +
1∶47 6.522 38mm stature
 +
1∶45.2 6.743 1¼″ = 4′ 8½″ (0 scale)
 +
1∶44 6.952 38mm eye height
 +
1∶43½ 7 7mm = 1′ (UK O guage, matchbox “yesteryear” & “king size”)
 +
1∶36– 8.467 GURPS ground scale (1″ = 3′)
 +
</pre>
 +
 +
[[category:scale models]]

Latest revision as of 21:50, 11 January 2020

		Stature [eye height]			
ft-in	6′	≈5′11″	5′10″		
㎜	1828.8	1800	1778	  Basis  	Notes
1∶32  	57 [54]	56 [53]	56 [53]	 ³⁄₈″ ≡ 1′	auto (slot cars, etc.) “standard size”
1∶35  	52 [50]	51 [49]	51 [48]	    —    	military (Tamiya, etc.)
1∶36  	51 [48]	50 [48]	49 [47]	   1″ ≡ 3′	GURPS
1∶38.1	48 [46]	47 [45]	47 [44]	  8㎜ ≡ 1′	Lego® Minifigure
1∶43  	43 [40]	42 [40]	41 [39]	    —    	{{abbr|auto (die-cast)|rounded from 1∶43.5}}
1∶43.5	42 [40]	41 [39]	41 [39]	  7㎜ ≡ 1′	0 scale (UK)
1∶45  	41 [39]	40 [38]	40 [38]	    —    	0 scale (EU)
1∶48  	38 [36]	38 [36]	37 [35]	   1″ ≡ 4′	O scale (US)
1∶50  	37 [35]	36 [34]	36 [34]	    —    	die-cast trucks
1∶55  	33 [32]	33 [31]	32 [31]	    —    	auto (Disney, etc.)
1∶60  	30 [29]	30 [29]	30 [28]	   1″ ≡ 5′	d20, 30㎜
1∶64  	29 [27]	28 [27]	28 [26]	³⁄₁₆″ ≡ 1′	S scale, matchbox (nominal)
1∶72  	25 [24]	25 [24]	25 [23]	   1″ ≡ 6′	—
1∶87.1	21 [20]	21 [20]	20 [19]	3.5㎜ ≡ 1′	{{abbr|H0|Half zero}} scale
1∶90  	20 [19]	20 [19]	20 [19]	    —    	—
1∶285  	6.4 [6.1]	6.3 [6.0]	6.2 [5.9]	    —    	US Army (¹⁄₄″ ≈ 5′11″, 6㎜ ≈ 5′7″)
1∶288  	6.4 [6.0]	6.3 [5.9]	6.2 [5.9]	 ¹⁄₄″ ≡ 6′	
1∶300  	6.1 [5.8]	6.0 [5.7]	5.9 [5.6]	    —    	NATO (6㎜ = 1.8m)
1∶304.8	6.0 [5.7]	5.9 [5.6]	5.8 [5.5]	  6㎜ ≡ 6′
Scale Name Gauge Std. 1′ Notes
1∶220 Z 6.5 ㎜ Int. ‌3⁄55″
1∶160 N 9 ㎜ Int. ‌3⁄40″
1∶148 N† 9 ㎜ UK ‌3⁄37″
1∶144 () 9 ㎜ — ‌1⁄12″
1∶120 TT 12 ㎜ Int. ‌1⁄10″
1∶90 () — — ‌2⁄15″ 1∶45 ×½
1∶87 HO 16.5 ㎜ Int. 3.5 ㎜ “half 0”
1∶76.2 00† 16.5 ㎜ UK 4 ㎜
1∶64 S 22.4 ㎜ Int. ‌3⁄16″ 1∶32 ×½
1∶60 () — — ‌1⁄5″ d20
1∶55 () — — ‌12⁄55″
1∶50 () — — ‌6⁄25″ 1 m = 2 ㎝
1∶48 O 1¼″ NMRA ‌1⁄4″ 1 1⁄4″ figures
1∶45 0 32 ㎜ MOROP ‌4⁄15″ mean
1∶43.5 0 32 ㎜ UK 7 ㎜ “0” < №I
1∶43 () — — ≈7.1 ㎜ 1 2⁄3″ figures
1∶38.1 L† 37.7 ㎜ — 8 ㎜ L-gauge
1∶36 () — — ‌1⁄3″ GURPS
1∶32 №I/#1 32 ㎜ Int. ‌3⁄8″ aka “standard size”
1∶24 ½″ — — ‌1⁄2″ 3″ figures
1∶22.5 №II 64 ㎜ MOROP ‌8⁄15″ 1∶45 ×2
1∶20.32 F 71 ㎜ NMRA 15 ㎜
1∶18 () — — ‌2⁄3″ 4″ figures
1∶16 №III 89 ㎜ MOROP ‌3⁄4″ 1∶48 ×3
1∶12 1″ 121 ㎜ NMRA 1″ 6″ figures
1∶11 №V 127 ㎜ MOROP 1 1⁄11″ 1∶55 ×5
1∶8 №VII 184 ㎜ MOROP 1 1⁄2″ 1∶55 ×7
1∶5.5 №X 260 ㎜ MOROP 2 2⁄11″ 1∶55 ×10

Human height

From Preliminary Human Factors Guidelines for Traffic Management Centers (July 1999) FHWA, U.S. DoT
Males (North America)
  5th % 50th 95th
Stature 5′ 3 5⁄8″
161.5 ㎝ 		5′ 8 1⁄4″
173.5 ㎝ 		6′  3⁄4″
185 ㎝
Eye height 5′  3⁄4″
154.5 ㎝ 		5′ 4 3⁄4″
164.5 ㎝ 		5′ 8 5⁄8″
174 ㎝
Sitting height 2′ 9 1⁄4″
84.5 ㎝ 		2′ 11 3⁄4″
90.5 ㎝ 		3′ 2″
96.5 ㎝
Body width 1′ 6 3⁄4″
48 ㎝ 		1′ 8 7⁄8″
53 ㎝ 		1′ 10 3⁄4″
58 ㎝
Females (North America)
  5th % 50th 95th
Stature 4′ 11″
150 ㎝ 		5′ 2 7⁄8″
160 ㎝ 		5′ 7 1⁄8″
170.5 ㎝
Eye height 4′ 9 1⁄4″
145.5 ㎝ 		5′  1⁄4″
153 ㎝ 		5′ 5 1⁄4″
166 ㎝
Sitting height 2′ 6 7⁄8″
78.5 ㎝ 		2′ 9 3⁄8″
85 ㎝ 		2′ 11 3⁄4″
90.5 ㎝
When standing normally (i.e., with some slump), eye height lowers ∼1.6″ (4 ㎝) for males and ∼1.2″ (3 ㎝) for females.
Extrapolating, eye height is ∼95% of stature, and body width is ∼30% of stature.

6mm

6 ㎜ ∶ 171 ㎝ ≡ 1 ∶ 285
6 ㎜ ∶ 67 1⁄2″ ≡ 1 ∶ 285 3⁄4
6 ㎜ ∶ 172 ㎝ ≡ 1 ∶ 286 2⁄3
‌1⁄4″ ∶ 6′ ≡ 1 ∶ 288
1″ ∶ 25′ ≡ 1 ∶ 300
6 ㎜ ∶ 180 ㎝ ≡ 1 ∶ 300
6 ㎜ ∶ 6′ ≡ 1 ∶ 304.8

list

Scale	1′ (mm)	Basis
1∶87	3.5  	3.5mm = 1′ (H0 scale)
1∶76.2	4	4mm = 1′ (UK OO guage)
1∶73	4.167	25mm = 6′ 
1∶72–	4.233	1″ = 6′ (model aircraft)
1∶71	4.291	25mm stature
1∶67	4.574	25mm eye height
1∶65.3	4.667	28mm = 6′
1∶64–	4.763	S-scale (nominal “matchbox”)
1∶63	4.805	28mm stature
1∶60.1	5	5mm = 1′ (UK OO guage)
1∶60–	5.08 	d20 ground scale (1″ = 5′)
1∶60	5.123	28mm eye height
1∶57.2	5.333	32mm = 6′
1∶56	5.492	32mm stature
1∶52	5.855	32mm eye height
1∶50–	6.096	2cm = 1m (Euro dicast scale)
1∶48–	6.35 	¼″ = 1′ (US O guage)
1∶47	6.522	38mm stature
1∶45.2	6.743	1¼″ = 4′ 8½″ (0 scale)
1∶44	6.952	38mm eye height
1∶43½	7	7mm = 1′ (UK O guage, matchbox “yesteryear” & “king size”)
1∶36–	8.467	GURPS ground scale (1″ = 3′)
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